Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activity of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Flowers of Nymphaea nouchali (Burm.) F.

Kashnia AR*, KL Senthilkumar, T Karthiyayini and K Senthilkumar

Department of Pharmacognosy, Padmavathi College of Pharmacy,Periyanahalli -635205, Dharmapuri, Tamilnadu.

ABSTRACT

Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Nymphaea nouchali (Burm.) F. flowers at the dose of 200mg/kg showed significant lowers the plasma triglyceride, LDL and cholesterol levels as well as increase the Plasma HDL level like the standard anti-hyperlipidaemic drugs Ezitimibe (0.9mg/kg) and atorvastatin (8 mg/kg) when compared to untreated control albino rats.

INTRODUCTION

The plant Nymphaea nouchali (Burm.).F. is belonging to family “Nymphaeaceae”. The flowers are born on long cylindrical, slender peduncle that holds the flower always above the water level. The flower has four free Sepals that are green on the lower side and pale pink on the wing side. The sepal has 8 parallel views of equal thickness, which converge at the apical part. The sepals are broad at the base and narrow at the apex. The petals are bright pink on both sides, lanceolate in shape with less prominent views. The stamens are numerous arranged in several whorls filament in flat and the anthers are also flat and dorsiventral.

The rhizome is considered demulcent and used for dysentery, diarrhea and dyspepsia. Flowers are astringent and cardio tonic. Some preparations, known as Ghilad, gulkand, etc. are reported to be prepared from the flowers. Seeds are used as a cooling medicine in cutaneous diseases.

Material and Method:

The animals (albino rats) were divided into six groups, each group containing six male rats. Groups I, II, and III will serve as vehicle control, disease control and standard Ezetimibe (0.9mg/kg) respectively. Groups IV, V and VI was treated with Ethanolic extracts 100mg/kg (PE-1), Aquous extracts 200mg/kg (PE-2), Ethanolic extracts 200mg/kg (PE-3) per oral (p.o) for 14 days continuously. Single dose of plant extract was given 1 hr prior to the administration of cholesterol (500mg/kg) and cholic acid (50mg/kg) per day. The blood samples of each animal were collected at the end of the experiment and plasma was separated for estimation of plasma cholesterol, plasma triglyceride, HDL and LDL cholesterol. Animals were sacrificed on 15^th day of the experiment and were observed for gross pathological changes.

Statistical Analysis:

The results are expressed as mean ± SEM of six independent experiments. Statistical significance between group was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s test. A P < 0.001 value was considered as statistically significant.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Nymphaea nouchali (Burm.) F. flowers at the dose of 200mg/kg showed significant lowers the plasma triglyceride, LDL and cholesterol levels as well as increase the Plasma HDL level like the standard anti-hyperlipidaemic drugs Ezetimibe (0.9mg/kg) and atorvastatin (8 mg/kg ) when compared to untreated control albino rats. The data are given in table.

Model: Cholesterol and Cholic acid induced Hyperlipidemia in rats:

GRAPH-1

a) Body weight test:

b) Plasma cholesterol:

Model-: Cholesterol and Cholic acid induced Hyperlipidemia in rats:

Study design:

Groups	Treatment
I	Vehicle Control (Normal Saline 10mg/kg p.o )
II	Hyperlipidemia control (Cholesterol + Cholic acid)
III	Ezetimibe (0.9mg/kg b.w) + Cholesterol + Cholic acid
IV	Ethanolic extract (100mg/kg b.w) + Cholesterol + Cholic acid
	Aquous extract (200mg/kg b.w) + Cholesterol + Cholic acid
VI	Ethanolic extract (200mg/kg b.w) + Cholesterol + Cholic acid

c) Plasma triglycerides:

d) Plasma HDL:

e) Plasma LDL:

Effect of different concentrations of extract on lipid diet treated animals against Ezetimibe

Groups	Treatment	Body Weight(g)	Cholesterol Mg/dl	Triglycerides mg/dl	HDL mg/dl	LDL mg/dl
I	Vehicle control	190	85.4 ± 2.34	72.4 ± 5.24	62.2 ±2.12	45.8 ±2.22
II	Hyper lipidemia	250	356.4 ± 4.45	310.5 ± 5.32	78.1±1.23	470.6±3.32
III	Ezetimibe (Std)	200	152.2 ± 3.43***	216.2 ± 2.43**	48.3 ±1.23**	209.4 ±3.43**
IV	PE-1	225	286.6 ± 2.34	302.8 ± 1.27	59.4±4.24	350.3 ±2.32
V	PE-2	215	226 .1± 6.43*	260.6 ± 4.11	54.8 ±4.13	310.2 ±4.32*
VI	PE-3	210	172.7 ± 2.12**	196.4 ± 1.18*	51.2 ±2.32*	260.4 ±1.17**

Note: All the values expressed in Mean ±SEM (n= 6), the data was analyzed by Students ‘t’ test followed by one way ANOVA.

PE-1= Ethanolic extract, PE-2= Aquous extract, PE-3= Ethanolic extract

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Received on 02.04.2009

Accepted on 10.08.2009

Research J. Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics 2009; 1(1): 13-15